
Dry eye happens when your tears evaporate too quickly or you don’t produce enough of them, leaving the surface of the eye irritated. It causes gritty, burning, tired or watery eyes, usually in both eyes and worse as the day goes on. It can almost always be managed well, once you know which type you have.
Dry eye happens when your tears evaporate too quickly or you don’t produce enough of them, leaving the surface of the eye irritated. It causes gritty, burning, tired or watery eyes, usually in both eyes and worse as the day goes on. It can almost always be managed well, once you know which type you have.
I’m Rahillah Moghul, the Independent Prescribing optometrist who owns Mosspark Opticians in Bellahouston. Dry eye is the most common thing I treat, and the one people most often treat wrongly themselves. Patients arrive having spent months on supermarket drops, convinced either that nothing works or that it’s just something they have to live with. Usually neither is true. The drops were aimed at the wrong problem.
This is the full version: what is going on, what helps, and the symptoms that aren’t dry eye at all and shouldn’t be treated as if they were. If you’d rather have it looked at, our dry eye clinic in Glasgow is where to start.
The most common misunderstanding I hear is this: people whose eyes water constantly are sure they can’t have dry eye. They usually do.
Your eye is protected by a tear film with three layers: an oily outer layer that slows evaporation, a watery middle layer, and an inner layer that helps the tears stick to the eye. When that film breaks down, the surface of the eye becomes irritated, and the eye responds by flooding itself with watery reflex tears.
Those reflex tears are poor quality. They have no oily layer, so they evaporate quickly, spill over the eyelid and leave you where you started. Streaming eyes in a cold wind are a symptom of dry eye, not evidence against it. I’ve covered this in more detail in watery eyes: causes and treatment.
There are two types of dry eye, and they need different treatment. Guessing between them is why so many people decide nothing works.
Plenty of people have some of both. Working out the balance is what an assessment is for. Symptoms alone don’t reliably tell you.
Anyone can get dry eye, but some things make it more likely:
What you’re feeling | Most likely cause | What usually helps |
Gritty, like sand, worse by the afternoon | Evaporative dry eye | Warm compresses, lid care, the right drops |
Burning, with crusting along the lashes | Blepharitis | Proper lid cleaning, sometimes in-practice treatment |
Watering and streaming outdoors | Reflex tears from a poor tear film | Treat the dryness, not the watering |
Worse on screens, better at weekends | Blinking less, plus dry air | Full blinks, breaks, changes to your surroundings |
Worse in the morning, eyes stuck shut | Eyelid problems, or eyelids not closing fully at night | An assessment; there are overnight options |
Sudden, painful, sensitive to light | Not routine dry eye | Same-day assessment; don’t treat it yourself |
One eye only, and it doesn’t settle | Not typical dry eye | An assessment; dry eye usually affects both eyes |
The bottom two rows are the ones to take seriously. Dry eye normally comes on gradually, affects both eyes and gets worse as the day goes on. Sudden, painful, light-sensitive or one-sided symptoms don’t fit that pattern.
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid edges. It goes with dry eye so often that I check for both together. The signs are crusting along the lashes, particularly when you wake, red or thickened eyelid edges, and burning rather than grittiness.
It’s a condition you manage rather than cure once, which isn’t bad news, but it does mean the routine matters more than any single product. Done properly, it stays comfortable. Done now and then, it comes straight back. If home lid care isn’t enough, an in-practice treatment such as BlephEx is worth discussing. Related eyelid problems, including styes and chalazia, often occur alongside it.
These are in rough order of how often I recommend them. What suits you depends on what an assessment finds.
Please read this section even if you skip the rest. Several conditions cause discomfort that people reasonably assume is dryness.
Dry eye builds gradually. A red, painful, light-sensitive eye that came on over a few hours is a different problem. It needs to be seen the same day, not given a fortnight of drops. Our guides to red eye and emergency eye care explain what to do.
These have nothing to do with dryness. New floaters, flashes of light, or a shadow across part of your vision need a same-day assessment, because they can be a sign of a problem with the retina. There’s more in floaters and flashes: when to worry.
This is often an uncorrected prescription, or a problem with how your eyes work together, rather than a surface problem. It’s worth ruling out before you commit to a dry eye routine. See headaches and your eyes.
This may be dry eye, but it may equally be the lens material, how often you replace your lenses, or your solution. That’s a fitting question as much as a surface one. We cover it in blurry vision with contact lenses, and a contact lens check-up will tell you which it is.
Between October and March, four things stack up, and most people meet all four in a single day: central heating drying the air indoors, cold wind stripping the tear film outdoors, longer hours on screens in the darker months, and car heaters aimed straight at the face. If your symptoms arrive with the heating and ease by spring, that pattern tells you a lot.
A dry eye assessment is more than being asked whether your eyes feel dry. It forms part of a full 45-minute eye examination in our dry eye and blepharitis clinic, and includes:
That last part matters more than people expect. Managing dry eye takes some adjusting. The first plan is a starting point, not a verdict, and changing it is normal, not a sign that it failed.
To book a dry eye assessment, call Mosspark Opticians on 0141 427 4040, or visit us at 115 Airth Drive, Bellahouston, Glasgow G52 1JU.
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Most often, the oily layer of the tear film isn't working properly because the small glands in the eyelids are blocked, so tears evaporate too quickly. Less often, the eye doesn't make enough tears. Screens, heating, age, hormonal changes, contact lenses and some medications all play a part.
Because watering is a symptom of dry eye, not the opposite of it. When the tear film breaks down, the surface of the eye gets irritated and produces a flood of watery reflex tears. These have no oily layer, so they spill over and evaporate without fixing the problem.
Give them four to six weeks of use every night before judging them. The most common reason they fail is stopping after a few days. A purpose-made heat mask works better than a flannel, which cools down within seconds.
Dry eye is a problem with the tear film. Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid margins. They frequently occur together, because inflamed lid margins disrupt the glands supplying the oily layer. Blepharitis typically presents with crusting at the lash line and burning rather than grittiness. We assess for both at the same appointment.
At Mosspark Opticians on Airth Drive in Bellahouston. Our dry eye and blepharitis clinic offers a full assessment, a treatment plan, in-practice treatments such as BlephEx, and prescription treatment where it's needed. Call 0141 427 4040 to book.
For most people it is managed rather than cured, like many long-term conditions. Well-managed dry eye is usually comfortable dry eye. The routine matters more than any single product, and the plan often needs adjusting over time.
No. The tests are gentle. We look at your eyelids and tear film under a microscope and may use a drop of dye to see how stable your tears are. Nothing hurts, and you can drive afterwards.
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