Dry Eye in Glasgow: The Full Guide to Causes, Treatment and When It Is Something Else

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Dry eye happens when your tears evaporate too quickly or you don’t produce enough of them, leaving the surface of the eye irritated. It causes gritty, burning, tired or watery eyes, usually in both eyes and worse as the day goes on. It can almost always be managed well, once you know which type you have.

Dry Eye: The Full Guide to Causes, Treatment and When It Is Something Else

Dry eye happens when your tears evaporate too quickly or you don’t produce enough of them, leaving the surface of the eye irritated. It causes gritty, burning, tired or watery eyes, usually in both eyes and worse as the day goes on. It can almost always be managed well, once you know which type you have.

I’m Rahillah Moghul, the Independent Prescribing optometrist who owns Mosspark Opticians in Bellahouston. Dry eye is the most common thing I treat, and the one people most often treat wrongly themselves. Patients arrive having spent months on supermarket drops, convinced either that nothing works or that it’s just something they have to live with. Usually neither is true. The drops were aimed at the wrong problem.

This is the full version: what is going on, what helps, and the symptoms that aren’t dry eye at all and shouldn’t be treated as if they were. If you’d rather have it looked at, our dry eye clinic in Glasgow is where to start.

Why dry eyes water

The most common misunderstanding I hear is this: people whose eyes water constantly are sure they can’t have dry eye. They usually do.

Your eye is protected by a tear film with three layers: an oily outer layer that slows evaporation, a watery middle layer, and an inner layer that helps the tears stick to the eye. When that film breaks down, the surface of the eye becomes irritated, and the eye responds by flooding itself with watery reflex tears.

Those reflex tears are poor quality. They have no oily layer, so they evaporate quickly, spill over the eyelid and leave you where you started. Streaming eyes in a cold wind are a symptom of dry eye, not evidence against it. I’ve covered this in more detail in watery eyes: causes and treatment.

The two types of dry eye, and why self-treatment fails

There are two types of dry eye, and they need different treatment. Guessing between them is why so many people decide nothing works.

  • Evaporative dry eye. You make enough tears, but the oily layer is poor, so the tear film breaks up too quickly. This is by far the more common type. It usually comes from the small oil glands along the eyelid edges (the meibomian glands) becoming blocked. Warm compresses and lid care are the main treatment, and drops alone won’t fix it.
  • Aqueous deficient dry eye. The eye doesn’t produce enough tears. This is less common, more often linked to other medical conditions or medication, and needs a different approach.

Plenty of people have some of both. Working out the balance is what an assessment is for. Symptoms alone don’t reliably tell you.

Who is more likely to get dry eye?

Anyone can get dry eye, but some things make it more likely:

  • Screen use. We blink far less when concentrating, so tears evaporate between blinks. Here’s more on screen time and your eyes.
  • Age. Tear quality changes as we get older, and dry eye becomes more common from middle age.
  • Hormonal changes, including the menopause.
  • Contact lenses. A lens sits in the tear film and can make borderline dryness noticeable.
  • Some medications, including certain antihistamines, antidepressants and blood pressure tablets. Don’t stop a prescribed medicine; tell us what you take.
  • Your surroundings. Central heating, air conditioning, car heaters and wind.
  • Blepharitis, which affects the glands that make the oily part of your tears.

Reading your own symptoms

What you’re feeling

Most likely cause

What usually helps

Gritty, like sand, worse by the afternoon

Evaporative dry eye

Warm compresses, lid care, the right drops

Burning, with crusting along the lashes

Blepharitis

Proper lid cleaning, sometimes in-practice treatment

Watering and streaming outdoors

Reflex tears from a poor tear film

Treat the dryness, not the watering

Worse on screens, better at weekends

Blinking less, plus dry air

Full blinks, breaks, changes to your surroundings

Worse in the morning, eyes stuck shut

Eyelid problems, or eyelids not closing fully at night

An assessment; there are overnight options

Sudden, painful, sensitive to light

Not routine dry eye

Same-day assessment; don’t treat it yourself

One eye only, and it doesn’t settle

Not typical dry eye

An assessment; dry eye usually affects both eyes

 

The bottom two rows are the ones to take seriously. Dry eye normally comes on gradually, affects both eyes and gets worse as the day goes on. Sudden, painful, light-sensitive or one-sided symptoms don’t fit that pattern.

Blepharitis: the frequent companion

Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid edges. It goes with dry eye so often that I check for both together. The signs are crusting along the lashes, particularly when you wake, red or thickened eyelid edges, and burning rather than grittiness.

It’s a condition you manage rather than cure once, which isn’t bad news, but it does mean the routine matters more than any single product. Done properly, it stays comfortable. Done now and then, it comes straight back. If home lid care isn’t enough, an in-practice treatment such as BlephEx is worth discussing. Related eyelid problems, including styes and chalazia, often occur alongside it.

What actually helps

These are in rough order of how often I recommend them. What suits you depends on what an assessment finds.

  • Warm compresses, done properly. Not a flannel under the hot tap, which cools within seconds. Use a purpose-made heat mask for around ten minutes, then massage your eyelids gently. Done every night for several weeks, this is the single most effective treatment for evaporative dry eye. Most people who say it didn’t work stopped after four days.
  • Lid cleaning. Clean along the lashes with a product made for the job, not shampoo or a wipe from the bathroom cabinet. This is essential if you have blepharitis.
  • The right drops, used often enough. Supermarket drops vary enormously. Some contain preservatives that irritate with frequent use, and thin drops won’t hold up against a heavy evaporative problem. The drop needs to match the type of dry eye, and it works better used regularly than only when your eyes hurt.
  • Changes to your surroundings. Point car vents away from your face, move out of the line of an office heater, take deliberate screen breaks and blink fully during long screen sessions.
  • In-practice treatment. Where the eyelid edges are the problem, a treatment such as BlephEx cleans away the build-up that home cleaning can’t shift. You can read what’s involved on our dry eye and blepharitis treatment page.
  • Prescription treatment where it’s needed. Anti-inflammatory or antibiotic treatment has a role in a minority of cases, particularly where inflammation is driving the problem. As an Independent Prescribing optometrist, I can prescribe these in the practice, so you don’t need a separate GP appointment.
  • Referral when something else is going on. Part of a proper assessment is recognising when the answer isn’t dry eye at all.

When it is not dry eye

Please read this section even if you skip the rest. Several conditions cause discomfort that people reasonably assume is dryness.

Sudden pain, redness and light sensitivity

Dry eye builds gradually. A red, painful, light-sensitive eye that came on over a few hours is a different problem. It needs to be seen the same day, not given a fortnight of drops. Our guides to red eye and emergency eye care explain what to do.

New floaters or flashes

These have nothing to do with dryness. New floaters, flashes of light, or a shadow across part of your vision need a same-day assessment, because they can be a sign of a problem with the retina. There’s more in floaters and flashes: when to worry.

Persistent headaches with aching eyes

This is often an uncorrected prescription, or a problem with how your eyes work together, rather than a surface problem. It’s worth ruling out before you commit to a dry eye routine. See headaches and your eyes.

Discomfort only in contact lenses

This may be dry eye, but it may equally be the lens material, how often you replace your lenses, or your solution. That’s a fitting question as much as a surface one. We cover it in blurry vision with contact lenses, and a contact lens check-up will tell you which it is.

Why Glasgow winters make it worse

Between October and March, four things stack up, and most people meet all four in a single day: central heating drying the air indoors, cold wind stripping the tear film outdoors, longer hours on screens in the darker months, and car heaters aimed straight at the face. If your symptoms arrive with the heating and ease by spring, that pattern tells you a lot.

What a dry eye assessment involves

A dry eye assessment is more than being asked whether your eyes feel dry. It forms part of a full 45-minute eye examination in our dry eye and blepharitis clinic, and includes:

  • A detailed history: your symptoms, your surroundings, your screen habits and your medication
  • A close look at your eyelid edges and oil glands under the microscope
  • A check of how quickly your tear film breaks up after a blink
  • An examination of the surface of the eye
  • A written plan, with a review appointment

That last part matters more than people expect. Managing dry eye takes some adjusting. The first plan is a starting point, not a verdict, and changing it is normal, not a sign that it failed.

To book a dry eye assessment, call Mosspark Opticians on 0141 427 4040, or visit us at 115 Airth Drive, Bellahouston, Glasgow G52 1JU.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Most often, the oily layer of the tear film isn't working properly because the small glands in the eyelids are blocked, so tears evaporate too quickly. Less often, the eye doesn't make enough tears. Screens, heating, age, hormonal changes, contact lenses and some medications all play a part.

Because watering is a symptom of dry eye, not the opposite of it. When the tear film breaks down, the surface of the eye gets irritated and produces a flood of watery reflex tears. These have no oily layer, so they spill over and evaporate without fixing the problem.

Give them four to six weeks of use every night before judging them. The most common reason they fail is stopping after a few days. A purpose-made heat mask works better than a flannel, which cools down within seconds.

Dry eye is a problem with the tear film. Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid margins. They frequently occur together, because inflamed lid margins disrupt the glands supplying the oily layer. Blepharitis typically presents with crusting at the lash line and burning rather than grittiness. We assess for both at the same appointment.

At Mosspark Opticians on Airth Drive in Bellahouston. Our dry eye and blepharitis clinic offers a full assessment, a treatment plan, in-practice treatments such as BlephEx, and prescription treatment where it's needed. Call 0141 427 4040 to book.

For most people it is managed rather than cured, like many long-term conditions. Well-managed dry eye is usually comfortable dry eye. The routine matters more than any single product, and the plan often needs adjusting over time.

No. The tests are gentle. We look at your eyelids and tear film under a microscope and may use a drop of dye to see how stable your tears are. Nothing hurts, and you can drive afterwards.

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